You are not logged in.
Q: What does the dentist of the year get?
A: A little plaque.
* * *
Q: What game did the dentist play when she was a child?
A: Caps and robbers.
* * *
Q: What do you call a dentist who doesn't like tea?
A: Denis.
* * *
Q: What did the dentist say to the computer?
A: This won't hurt a byte.
* * *
Q: What is a dentist's office?
A: A filling station.
* * *
Hi,
#10451. What does the term in Biology Autotroph mean?
#10452. What does the term in Biology B cell mean?
Hi,
#5641. What does the noun broth mean?
#5642. What does the noun brown paper mean?
Hi,
#2412. What does the medical term Hyperextension (exercise) mean?
Hi,
#9678.
Hi,
#6183.
Hi,
2424.
2333) Otoscope
Gist
An otoscope is a tool which shines a beam of light to help visualize and examine the condition of the ear canal and eardrum. Examining the ear can reveal the cause of symptoms such as an earache, the ear feeling full, or hearing loss.
During an ear exam, a tool called an otoscope is used to look at the outer ear canal and eardrum. The otoscope has a light, a magnifying lens, and a funnel-shaped viewing piece with a narrow, pointed end called a speculum.
Summary
An otoscope is a medical device used to examine the ear canal and eardrum. It consists of a light source, a magnifying lens, and a speculum (a cone-shaped viewing piece). The otoscope allows healthcare providers to visualize the ear canal and identify potential issues such as infections, blockages, or other abnormalities.
Otoscopy is the formal name for an ear examination. Although the ear is a small part of the body, it consists of many parts.1
* The external ear contains the external auditory canal, a tube connecting the outer part of the ear to the middle ear.
* The eardrum, or tympanic membrane, separates the outer ear from the middle ear.
* The middle ear, or tympanic cavity, contains the eustachian tube.
* The eustachian tube connects the middle of the ear to the ear to the back of the nose.
* The inner ear has small parts that are responsible for hearing and balance.
There are several reasons you may get an otoscopy:
* For a routine physical
* To check for an ear infection
* To find out the cause of ear symptoms, like an earache or feeling of fullness
* To screen for hearing loss
* To examine for excess wax in the ear canal
* To check for an object blocking the ear canal
Details
An otoscope or auriscope is a medical device used by healthcare professionals to examine the ear canal and eardrum. This may be done as part of routine physical examinations, or for evaluating specific ear complaints, such as earaches, sense of fullness in the ear, or hearing loss.
Usage:
Function
An otoscope enables viewing and examination of the ear canal and tympanic membrane (eardrum). As the eardrum is the border between the external ear canal and the middle ear, its characteristics can indicate various diseases of the middle ear space. Otoscopic examination can help diagnose conditions such as acute otitis media (infection of the middle ear), otitis externa (infection of the outer ear), traumatic perforation of the eardrum, and cholesteatoma.
The presence of cerumen (earwax), shed skin, pus, canal skin edema, foreign bodies, and various ear diseases, can obscure the view of the eardrum and thus compromise the value of otoscopy done with a common otoscope, but can confirm the presence of obstructing symptoms.
Otoscopes can also be used to examine patients' noses (avoiding the need for a separate nasal speculum) and upper throats (by removing the speculum).
Method of use
The most common otoscopes consist of a handle and a head. The head contains a light source and a magnifying lens, typically around 8 diopters (3× magnification), to help illuminate and enlarge ear structures. The distal (front) end of the otoscope has an attachment for disposable plastic ear specula.
The examiner first pulls on the pinna (usually the earlobe, side or top) to straighten the ear canal, and then inserts the ear speculum side of the otoscope into the outer ear. It is important to brace the index or little finger of the hand holding the otoscope against the patient's head to avoid injuring the ear canal. The examiner then looks through the lens on the rear of the instrument to see inside the ear canal.
In many models, the examiner can remove the lens and insert instruments like specialized suction tips through the otoscope into the ear canal, such as for removing earwax. Most models also have an insertion point for a bulb that pushes air through the speculum (pneumatic otoscopy) for testing eardrum mobility.
Types:
Many otoscopes for doctors' offices are wall-mounted, with an electrical cord providing power from an electric outlet. Portable otoscopes powered by batteries (usually rechargeable) in the handle are also available.
Otoscopes are often sold with ophthalmoscopes as a diagnostic set.
Monocular and binocular
Most otoscopes used in emergency rooms, pediatric offices, general practice, and by internists are monocular devices. These provide a two-dimensional view of the ear canal and its contents, and usually at least a portion of the eardrum.
Another method of performing otoscopy (visualization of the ear) is by using a binocular (two-eyed) microscope in conjunction with a larger plastic or metal ear speculum, which provides a much larger field of view. The microscope is suspended from a stand, which frees up both of the examiner's hands; the patient is placed in a supine position and their head is tilted, which keeps the head stable and enables better lighting. The binocular view enables depth perception, which makes removal of earwax or other obstructing materials easier and less hazardous. The microscope also has up to 40× magnification, allowing more detailed viewing of the entire ear canal, and of the entire eardrum (unless prevented by edema of the canal skin). Subtle changes in the anatomy can also be more easily detected and interpreted.
Traditionally, binocular microscopes are only used by otolaryngologists (ear, nose, and throat specialists) and otologists (subspecialty ear doctors). Their widespread adoption in general medicine is hindered by cost and lack of familiarity among pediatric and general medicine professors in physician training programs. Studies have shown that reliance on a monocular otoscope to diagnose ear disease results in a more than 50% chance of misdiagnosis, as compared to binocular microscopic otoscopy.
Pneumatic otoscope
The pneumatic otoscope is used to examine the eardrum for assessing the health of the middle ear. This is done by assessing the eardrum's contour (normal, retracted, full, or bulging), its color (gray, yellow, pink, amber, white, red, or blue), its translucency (translucent, semi-opaque, opaque), and its mobility (normal, increased, decreased, or absent). The pneumatic otoscope is the standard tool used in diagnosing otitis media (infection of the middle ear).
The pneumatic otoscope has a pneumatic (diagnostic) head, which contains a lens, an enclosed light source, and a nipple for attaching a rubber bulb and tubing. By gently squeezing and releasing the bulb in rapid succession, the degree of eardrum mobility in response to positive and negative pressure can be observed. The head is designed so that an airtight chamber is produced when a speculum is attached and fitted snugly into the patient's ear canal. Using a rubber-tipped speculum or adding a small sleeve of rubber tubing at the end of a plastic speculum, can help improve the airtight seal and also help avoid injuring the patient.
By replacing the pneumatic head with a surgical head, the pneumatic otoscope can also be used to clear earwax from the ear canal, and to perform diagnostic tympanocentesis (drainage of fluid from the middle ear) or myringotomy (creation of incision in the eardrum). The surgical head consists of an unenclosed light source and a lens that can swivel over a wide arc.
hypsin_0,
See the link here.
Barium
Gist
Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is a soft, silvery-white alkaline earth metal that is highly reactive. Due to its reactivity, it is never found as a free element in nature. Barium is commonly used in diagnostic X-ray procedures (barium swallows and enemas) to visualize the gastrointestinal tract.
Summary
Barium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in group 2; and is a soft, silvery alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element.
The most common minerals of barium are barite (barium sulfate, BaSO4) and witherite (barium carbonate, BaCO3). The name barium originates from the alchemical derivative "baryta" from Greek (barys), meaning 'heavy'. Baric is the adjectival form of barium. Barium was identified as a new element in 1772, but not reduced to a metal until 1808 with the advent of electrolysis.
Barium has few industrial applications. Historically, it was used as a getter for vacuum tubes and in oxide form as the emissive coating on indirectly heated cathodes. It is a component of YBCO (high-temperature superconductors) and electroceramics, and is added to steel and cast iron to reduce the size of carbon grains within the microstructure. Barium compounds are added to fireworks to impart a green color. Barium sulfate is used as an insoluble additive to oil well drilling fluid. In a purer form it is used as X-ray radiocontrast agents for imaging the human gastrointestinal tract. Water-soluble barium compounds are poisonous and have been used as rodenticides.
Details
Barium (Ba), chemical element, one of the alkaline-earth metals of Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. The element is used in metallurgy, and its compounds are used in pyrotechnics, petroleum production, and radiology.
Element Properties
atomic number : 56
atomic weight : 137.327
melting point : 727 °C (1,341 °F)
boiling point : 1,805 °C (3,281 °F)
specific gravity: 3.51 (at 20 °C, or 68 °F)
Occurrence, properties, and uses
Barium, which is slightly harder than lead, has a silvery white luster when freshly cut. It readily oxidizes when exposed to air and must be protected from oxygen during storage. In nature it is always found combined with other elements. The Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered (1774) a new base (baryta, or barium oxide, BaO) as a minor constituent in pyrolusite, and from that base he prepared some crystals of barium sulfate, which he sent to Johan Gottlieb Gahn, the discoverer of manganese. A month later Gahn found that the mineral barite is also composed of barium sulfate, BaSO4. A particular crystalline form of barite found near Bologna, Italy, in the early 17th century, after being heated strongly with charcoal, glowed for a time after exposure to bright light. The phosphorescence of “Bologna stones” was so unusual that it attracted the attention of many scientists of the day, including Galileo. Only after the electric battery became available could Sir Humphry Davy finally isolate (1808) the element itself by electrolysis.
Barium minerals are dense (e.g., BaSO4, 4.5 grams per cubic centimetre; BaO, 5.7 grams per cubic centimeter), a property that was the source of many of their names and of the name of the element itself (from the Greek barys, “heavy”). Ironically, metallic barium is comparatively light, only 30 percent denser than aluminum. Its cosmic abundance is estimated as 3.7 atoms (on a scale where the abundance of silicon = {10}^{6}
atoms). Barium constitutes about 0.03 percent of Earth’s crust, chiefly as the minerals barite (also called barytes or heavy spar) and witherite. Between six and eight million tons of barite are mined every year, more than half of it in China. Lesser amounts are mined in India, the United States, and Morocco. Commercial production of barium depends upon the electrolysis of fused barium chloride, but the most effective method is the reduction of the oxide by heating with aluminum or silicon in a high vacuum. A mixture of barium monoxide and peroxide can also be used in the reduction. Only a few tons of barium are produced each year.
The metal is used as a getter in electron tubes to perfect the vacuum by combining with final traces of gases, as a deoxidizer in copper refining, and as a constituent in certain alloys. The alloy with nickel readily emits electrons when heated and is used for this reason in electron tubes and in spark plug electrodes. The detection of barium (atomic number 56) after uranium (atomic number 92) had been bombarded by neutrons was the clue that led to the recognition of nuclear fission in 1939.
Naturally occurring barium is a mixture of six stable isotopes: barium-138 (71.7 percent), barium-137 (11.2 percent), barium-136 (7.8 percent), barium-135 (6.6 percent), barium-134 (2.4 percent), and barium-132 (0.10 percent). Barium-130 (0.11 percent) is also naturally occurring but undergoes decay by double electron capture with an extremely long half-life (more than 4 × {10}^{21} years). More than 30 radioactive isotopes of barium are known, with mass numbers ranging from 114 to 153. The isotope with the longest half-life (barium-133, 10.5 years) is used as a gamma-ray reference source.
Additional Information:
Appearance
Barium is a soft, silvery metal that rapidly tarnishes in air and reacts with water.
Uses
Barium is not an extensively used element. Most is used in drilling fluids for oil and gas wells. It is also used in paint and in glassmaking.
All barium compounds are toxic; however, barium sulfate is insoluble and so can be safely swallowed. A suspension of barium sulfate is sometimes given to patients suffering from digestive disorders. This is a ‘barium meal’ or ‘barium enema’. Barium is a heavy element and scatters X-rays, so as it passes through the body the stomach and intestines can be distinguished on an X-ray.
Barium carbonate has been used in the past as a rat poison. Barium nitrate gives fireworks a green colour.
Biological role
Barium has no known biological role, although barium sulfate has been found in one particular type of algae. Barium is toxic, as are its water- or acid-soluble compounds.
Natural abundance
Barium occurs only in combination with other elements. The major ores are barite (barium sulfate) and witherite (barium carbonate). Barium metal can be prepared by electrolysis of molten barium chloride, or by heating barium oxide with aluminium powder.
Classroom Quotes
1. When the Hyderabad Chapter of TFI approached me to be a part of their Leaders in Classroom event, I readily agreed to be a part of it. It was a great classroom experience. I really enjoyed myself. The kids were very expressive and it was heartening to say the least. - Amala Akkineni
2. Everyday classroom teaching is not what children will remember, but how you made a difference in their lives. - Nita Ambani
3. Heroes represent the best of ourselves, respecting that we are human beings. A hero can be anyone from Gandhi to your classroom teacher, anyone who can show courage when faced with a problem. A hero is someone who is willing to help others in his or her best capacity. - Ricky Martin
4. I learned to listen and listen very well. It helped me athletically and in the classroom as well. - Jackie Joyner-Kersee
5. I learned to listen and listen very well. It helped me athletically and in the classroom as well. The person who talks a lot or talks over people misses out because they weren't listening. - Jackie Joyner-Kersee.
Q: What does the dentist of the year get?
A: A little plaque.
* * *
Q: At what time do most people go to the dentist?
A: At tooth-hurty (2:30).
* * *
Q: What does a dentist do on a roller coaster?
A: He braces himself
* * *
Q: What did the dentist say to the computer?
A: This won't hurt a byte.
* * *
Q: What did the dentist see at the North Pole?
A:: A molar bear.
* * *
Q: What was the dentist doing in Panama?
A: Looking for the Root Canal!
* * *
Hi,
#10449. What does the term in Biology Astrobiology mean?
#10450. What does the term in Biology Autoimmunity mean?
Hi,
#5639. What does the noun ream mean?
#5640. What does the noun reamer mean?
Hi,
#2411. What does the medical term Glucokinase mean?
Hi,
#9677.
Hi,
#6182.
Hi,
2423.
Clay Quotes - II
1. I like having my hands in the clay. I like the movie-making process. -Matthew McConaughey
2. I had a harsh lesson in 1996, when I lost four times to Andres Gomez on clay. - John McEnroe
3. Hard courts are very negative for the body. I know the sport is a business and creating these courts is easier than clay or grass, but I am 100 per cent sure it is wrong. - Rafael Nadal
4. It is very hard for me to switch from clay to grass. - Marat Safin
5. Any quality player can adjust well to the different demands. It is like a good tennis player who is expected to adjust to the clay at the French Open, the grass at Wimbledon, the hard courts of the U.S. and the heat of the Australian Open. A professional is expected to do all that. - Gautam Gambhir
6. Nadal is just more at home on clay. It looks like he feels safer on clay courts. He can get to a few more balls, he can play a bit further behind the baseline when he defends, and he's also able to get the ball to bounce higher. It's unbelievable. - Mats Wilander
7. More than half of the matches are won in the dressing room for him. The guy he's playing against is sitting in the locker-room thinking 'oh my God, I'm going to play Rafa Nadal on clay in five sets, that's going to be painful.' - Mats Wilander
8. I know how to play on clay with confidence if I'm in good shape, and in a good mood and have energy. That's the most important. - Daniil Medvedev.
Q: How many dance teachers does it take to change a light bulb?
A: Five!...Six!...Seven!...Eight!
* * *
Q: How do hens dance?
A: Chick to chick.
* * *
Q: What do they say about dancing vampires?
A: They drag!
* * *
Q: What do you call a dancing lamb?
A: A baa-lerina!
* * *
Q: What kind of dancing might you do in a sink?
A: Tap dancing.
* * *
If you need to delete, I can delete the post but if there are many posts, it is difficult and it may result in other posts too being deleted.
Hi,
I reiterate 'Help me' is for those who need help in Mathematics and other subjects.
Hi,
#10447. What does the term in Geography Aquifer mean?
#10448. What does the term in Geography Archipelago mean?
hypsin_0,
If you need help, post here.
If you are posting puzzles, go to 'Puzzles and Games'.
Hi,
#5637. What does the noun purist mean?
#5638. What does the noun puritan mean?