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#327 Re: Maths Is Fun - Suggestions and Comments » Differentiable » 2013-11-28 21:45:26

Some corrections.

The Floor and Ceiling Functions are not differentiable, as there is a discontinuity at each jump.

More precisely, they are not differentiable only at integer values of x. (If x is not an integer they are perfectly differentiable at x.)

Similarly the function so y=x[sup](1/3)[/sup] is only not differentiable at the origin; elsewhere it is differentiable.

The y=1/x and  y=sin(1/x) are not defined at the origin so it makes no sense to ask whether they are differentiable there. To be differentiable at a certain point, the function must first of all be defined there!

And the last part:

But a c̶o̶n̶t̶i̶n̶u̶o̶u̶s̶ ̶f̶u̶n̶c̶t̶i̶o̶n̶ function that is continuous at a certain point might not be differentiable at that point, for example the absolute value function is actually continuous (though not differentiable) at the origin.

#329 Re: Help Me ! » Tangents to 2 circles » 2013-11-25 22:38:15

Most sincere apologies. I did not read the OP carefully. sad

#330 Re: Help Me ! » Tangents to 2 circles » 2013-11-25 12:25:44

Why don’t you read my proof?

#331 Re: Help Me ! » Tangents to 2 circles » 2013-11-25 05:30:58

jimi70 wrote:

'The circle S1 with centre C1(a1, b1) and radius r1 touches externally the circle S2 with centre C2(a2, b2) and radius r2. The tangent at their common point passes through the origin. Show that

(a1² - a2²) + (b1² - b2²) = (r1² - r2²).


Let
be the point of contact of the circles.

The tangent through this point is perpendicular to the line joining their circles, which has gradient

; therefore the tangent through the common point has gradient
. In other words, the point
lies on the line
:

The equations of the circles are

and
; since
lies on both of them

Now subtract [3] from [2] and use the relation [1], and you should get the answer.

#332 Re: Exercises » Mathematical proofs? » 2013-11-25 03:04:28

Let
.

For any

we have

Adding

to both sides gives
. As this is true for all
we have

Since we are given

we must have
i.e.
.

#333 Re: Jokes » Poem by a student » 2013-11-24 10:08:13

I think it’s the most beautiful poem ON EARTH. tongue

#334 Re: Help Me ! » any shortcut? » 2013-11-23 20:01:38

Often in mathematics you just have to be imaginative in going about solving problems.

#335 This is Cool » 1², 11², 111², 1111², … » 2013-11-23 16:46:20

Nehushtan
Replies: 0

This is something I discovered on another forum.







When you get to

the pattern appears to be lost but in fact it’s just 12345678910987654321 with a carry-over from the 10 in the middle. This leads to the following conjecture:

Let’s prove it! big_smile

Now

using the formula

Given

, how many pairs
are there with
such that
?

Suppose

is even. Then
so there are
such
pairs. Thus the coefficent of
is
.

Suppose

is odd. Then
so again there are
such
pairs. Then the coefficent of
is
again.

For

, we let
; then
giving
pairs. Since
we have
; therefore
or
. If
is even, then so is
; then
and the coefficient of
is
. If
is odd, then so is
; so
and the coefficient of
is
again.

Hence

.

#336 Re: Puzzles and Games » Chess (Flash Version) » 2013-11-23 00:54:37

Norwegian prodigy Magnus Carlsen is new chess champion

Norwegian chess prodigy Magnus Carlsen has become the world champion, beating Indian title holder Viswanathan Anand.

Despite having been world champion since 2007, 43-year-old Anand was ranked number eight in the world.

But his role in promoting chess in India, a country obsessed with cricket, is without parallel.

BBC News

#337 Re: Science HQ » Metaphysics » 2013-11-18 22:37:49

anonimnystefy wrote:

Luckily, philosophy never was.

Unluckily, natural philosophy was. (I think it was the former name for physics.)

In the novel by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein was a student of natural philosophy at the German university of Ingolstadt when he created his nameless creature.

#338 Re: Science HQ » Metaphysics » 2013-11-18 13:18:01

I didn’t know that. roll (Though I could swear that quantum mechanics has been around for a lot less than the “past few centuries”.)

#339 Re: Science HQ » Metaphysics » 2013-11-18 12:47:18

How could metaphysics be considered a science? Science consists of hypotheses and the testing of hypotheses by experiments, whereas metaphysics is nothing but fanciful, often untestable assertions about stuff. Anybody who considers metaphysics a science must really know sweet FA about science itself.

#340 Re: Science HQ » Metaphysics » 2013-11-18 11:54:22

Metaphysics is definitely philosophy, not science at all.

metaphysics … Originally a title for those books of Aristotle that came after the Physics, the term is now applied to any enquiry that raises questions about the reality that lie beyond or behind those being tackled by the methods of science. … The traditional examples will include questions of mind and body, substance and accident, events, causation, and the categories of things that exist. … Metaphysics, then, tends to become concerned more with the presuppositions of scientific thought, or of thought in general….

—The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Simon Blackburn, second edition revised, p.231–2

#341 Re: Help Me ! » Polynomials and matrixes » 2013-11-18 11:35:43

Not a clue, unfortunately. sad

The Wikipedia article is very badly written. Also, Wolfram MathWorld has a different definition of matrix polynomial (http://mathworld.wolfram.com/MatrixPolynomial.html) defining it as a polynomial with matrix coefficients rather than matrix variables – but I think the Wikipedia definition makes more sense. In other words, if p(x) is a polynomial, p(A) is the matrix polynomial obtained by replacing the variable x by the matrix A and the constant term by a[sub]0[/sub]I[sub]2[/sub] where I[sub]2[/sub] (= A[sup]0[/sup]) is the 2×2 identity matrix.

I’ve Google-searched but found very little in the way of help on tackling problems of this sort. hmm

#342 Re: Help Me ! » Polynomials and matrixes » 2013-11-18 02:54:59

Bezoux is referring to a matrix polynomial:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_polynomial

(Not to be confused with “polynomial matrix”, which is a matrix whose entries are polynomials.)

#343 Re: Help Me ! » mirror- help me! » 2013-11-16 08:44:50

I got 35 instead but I don’t know where I went wrong. sad

EDIT: I got it now. I carelessly used sin instead of tan.

#344 Re: Help Me ! » solutions » 2013-11-15 19:54:30

This is an integer if and only if 484 is divisible by n+23. The factors of 484 are ±1, ±2, ±4, ±11, ±22, ±44, ±121, ±242, ±484 so there are 18 solutions altogether. The positive ones are given by n + 23 = 44, 121, 242, 484.

#345 Re: Dark Discussions at Cafe Infinity » Why we need numbers ? » 2013-11-15 04:22:28

Indeed I hope man becomes extinct. Hopefully, after a few thousand million years, when he evolves back into existence, he will have learnt his lesson and will choose his lifestyle more carefully. roll

#347 Re: Dark Discussions at Cafe Infinity » Why we need numbers ? » 2013-11-15 00:02:41

That’s because modern people have been heavily conditioned into worshipping these commodities (computers, cellphones, etc) as life-or-death necessities. All of us are born into a materialistic culture in which money plays a vital part – and with rear the ugly heads of greed, selfishness, egocentric ambitiousness, etc. Suppose we go back to the time of our ancestors before this materialistic culture of ours was developed. Suppose, instead of going down this materialistic pathway, we choose the non-materialistic lifestyle of animals. Then we would live like animals – and money and computers would never have been invented, simply because we would have no use for them in our simplistic, non-materialistic way of life. And because they hadn’t been invented, we would not crave them. You cannot have a craving for things that don’t exist!

#348 Re: Dark Discussions at Cafe Infinity » Why we need numbers ? » 2013-11-14 21:51:50

Wouldn’t it great if humans also didn’t have to use money? Then we wouldn’t have to work and get stressed out. Let’s get rid of money and live like happy and carefree animals! Like the way the 18th-century philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau said we all should live.

#349 Re: Dark Discussions at Cafe Infinity » Interesting Conversation » 2013-11-13 06:22:26

Shakespeare wrote:

Nothing can come of nothing:

—King Lear, Act 1 scene 1

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