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#1 2014-05-04 02:41:04

Agnishom
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From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
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Euler's Method Tutorials

In this thread, we will be solving Differential Equations through the Euler's Method


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#2 2014-05-04 02:52:53

bobbym
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From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Hi;

You meant numerically solving them of course. We would start on an easy one like


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#3 2014-05-04 02:53:28

anonimnystefy
Real Member
From: Harlan's World
Registered: 2011-05-23
Posts: 16,049

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials


“Here lies the reader who will never open this book. He is forever dead.
“Taking a new step, uttering a new word, is what people fear most.” ― Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Crime and Punishment
The knowledge of some things as a function of age is a delta function.

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#4 2014-05-04 02:55:29

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

I have that book but I am not going to be using it here.

For the general first order DE:

y′ = f(x, y)

y(x0) = y0 and we want to find y(xn)

We need to define h, this will be easier with an example.

The page I am looking at was nice enough to provide code for the problem!

euler[f_,{x_,x0_,xn_},{y_,y0_},steps_]:=

Block[{
    xold=x0,
    yold=y0,
    sollist={{x0,y0}},
    x,y,h
  },

  h=N[(xn-x0)/steps];

  Do[ xnew=xold+h;
    ynew=yold+h*(f/.{x->xold,y->yold});
    sollist=Append[sollist,{xnew,ynew}];
    xold=xnew;
    yold=ynew,
    {steps}
  ];

  Return[sollist]
]

We will use it! I will give credit to the page at the end of the posting.

The example we will use is

with y(0) = 1.

Are you okay up to here?


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#5 2014-05-04 04:06:03

Agnishom
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From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

That is very procedural.

Is y(0) = 1 a part of the problem?


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#6 2014-05-04 04:09:16

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Yes, it is the initial condition. It says that when x = 0 that y is 1.

Yes it is procedural. Most people learn that paradigm first so they try to treat M that way.

Ready to use the proggie?


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#7 2014-05-06 02:03:23

Agnishom
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From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
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Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Please tell me what solving a DE means.


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#8 2014-05-06 02:08:33

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

I am sure the Topo boys will just shrug their shoulders and smirk to each other over this def but it is how I understand it.

When you solve an equation you find the values of the variable that make the equation true. When you solve a DE you find the functions that make the DE true.


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#9 2014-05-07 01:00:08

Agnishom
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From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

I am running the code.

What should I key in as f_,{x_,x0_,xn_},{y_,y0_},steps_ ?


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#10 2014-05-07 01:04:30

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 2]

In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#11 2014-05-07 01:09:26

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

The first argument is the derivative of the function? What are steps?


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#12 2014-05-07 01:11:29

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

In[6]:= euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 2]

Out[6]= {{0, 1}, {0.5, 1.5}, {1., 2.25}}

What does this mean?


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#13 2014-05-07 01:17:50

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

You know that at x=0 (x0, the initial condition) that y = 1. That is the first list {0, 1}. That was easy, it is given in the parameters.

We want the y value at x = 1

The number of steps is 2, notice the program computed two y values.

{0.5, 1.5} the program thinks that at x = .5, y = 1.5

and

{1., 2.25} the program thinks that at x = 1, y = 2.25


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#14 2014-05-07 01:26:35

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Agnishom alone can think. Mathematica cannot.

In[5]:= euler[f_, {x_, x0_, xn_}, {y_, y0_}, steps_] := 
 Block[{xold = x0, yold = y0, sollist = {{x0, y0}}, x, y, h}, 
  h = N[(xn - x0)/steps];
  Do[xnew = xold + h;
   ynew = yold + h*(f /. {x -> xold, y -> yold});
   sollist = Append[sollist, {xnew, ynew}];
   xold = xnew;
   yold = ynew, {steps}];
  Return[sollist]]

In[6]:= euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 2]

Out[6]= {{0, 1}, {0.5, 1.5}, {1., 2.25}}

In[7]:= euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 3]

Out[7]= {{0, 1}, {0.333333, 1.33333}, {0.666667, 1.77778}, {1., 
  2.37037}}

In[10]:= euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 50]

Out[10]= {{0, 1}, {0.02, 1.02}, {0.04, 1.0404}, {0.06, 
  1.06121}, {0.08, 1.08243}, {0.1, 1.10408}, {0.12, 1.12616}, {0.14, 
  1.14869}, {0.16, 1.17166}, {0.18, 1.19509}, {0.2, 1.21899}, {0.22, 
  1.24337}, {0.24, 1.26824}, {0.26, 1.29361}, {0.28, 1.31948}, {0.3, 
  1.34587}, {0.32, 1.37279}, {0.34, 1.40024}, {0.36, 1.42825}, {0.38, 
  1.45681}, {0.4, 1.48595}, {0.42, 1.51567}, {0.44, 1.54598}, {0.46, 
  1.5769}, {0.48, 1.60844}, {0.5, 1.64061}, {0.52, 1.67342}, {0.54, 
  1.70689}, {0.56, 1.74102}, {0.58, 1.77584}, {0.6, 1.81136}, {0.62, 
  1.84759}, {0.64, 1.88454}, {0.66, 1.92223}, {0.68, 1.96068}, {0.7, 
  1.99989}, {0.72, 2.03989}, {0.74, 2.08069}, {0.76, 2.1223}, {0.78, 
  2.16474}, {0.8, 2.20804}, {0.82, 2.2522}, {0.84, 2.29724}, {0.86, 
  2.34319}, {0.88, 2.39005}, {0.9, 2.43785}, {0.92, 2.48661}, {0.94, 
  2.53634}, {0.96, 2.58707}, {0.98, 2.63881}, {1., 2.69159}}

In[9]:= euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 100]

Out[9]= {{0, 1}, {0.01, 1.01}, {0.02, 1.0201}, {0.03, 1.0303}, {0.04, 
  1.0406}, {0.05, 1.05101}, {0.06, 1.06152}, {0.07, 1.07214}, {0.08, 
  1.08286}, {0.09, 1.09369}, {0.1, 1.10462}, {0.11, 1.11567}, {0.12, 
  1.12683}, {0.13, 1.13809}, {0.14, 1.14947}, {0.15, 1.16097}, {0.16, 
  1.17258}, {0.17, 1.1843}, {0.18, 1.19615}, {0.19, 1.20811}, {0.2, 
  1.22019}, {0.21, 1.23239}, {0.22, 1.24472}, {0.23, 1.25716}, {0.24, 
  1.26973}, {0.25, 1.28243}, {0.26, 1.29526}, {0.27, 1.30821}, {0.28, 
  1.32129}, {0.29, 1.3345}, {0.3, 1.34785}, {0.31, 1.36133}, {0.32, 
  1.37494}, {0.33, 1.38869}, {0.34, 1.40258}, {0.35, 1.4166}, {0.36, 
  1.43077}, {0.37, 1.44508}, {0.38, 1.45953}, {0.39, 1.47412}, {0.4, 
  1.48886}, {0.41, 1.50375}, {0.42, 1.51879}, {0.43, 1.53398}, {0.44, 
  1.54932}, {0.45, 1.56481}, {0.46, 1.58046}, {0.47, 1.59626}, {0.48, 
  1.61223}, {0.49, 1.62835}, {0.5, 1.64463}, {0.51, 1.66108}, {0.52, 
  1.67769}, {0.53, 1.69447}, {0.54, 1.71141}, {0.55, 1.72852}, {0.56, 
  1.74581}, {0.57, 1.76327}, {0.58, 1.7809}, {0.59, 1.79871}, {0.6, 
  1.8167}, {0.61, 1.83486}, {0.62, 1.85321}, {0.63, 1.87174}, {0.64, 
  1.89046}, {0.65, 1.90937}, {0.66, 1.92846}, {0.67, 1.94774}, {0.68, 
  1.96722}, {0.69, 1.98689}, {0.7, 2.00676}, {0.71, 2.02683}, {0.72, 
  2.0471}, {0.73, 2.06757}, {0.74, 2.08825}, {0.75, 2.10913}, {0.76, 
  2.13022}, {0.77, 2.15152}, {0.78, 2.17304}, {0.79, 2.19477}, {0.8, 
  2.21672}, {0.81, 2.23888}, {0.82, 2.26127}, {0.83, 2.28388}, {0.84, 
  2.30672}, {0.85, 2.32979}, {0.86, 2.35309}, {0.87, 2.37662}, {0.88, 
  2.40038}, {0.89, 2.42439}, {0.9, 2.44863}, {0.91, 2.47312}, {0.92, 
  2.49785}, {0.93, 2.52283}, {0.94, 2.54806}, {0.95, 2.57354}, {0.96, 
  2.59927}, {0.97, 2.62527}, {0.98, 2.65152}, {0.99, 2.67803}, {1., 
  2.70481}}

In[11]:= euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 200]

Out[11]= {{0, 1}, {0.005, 1.005}, {0.01, 1.01003}, {0.015, 
  1.01508}, {0.02, 1.02015}, {0.025, 1.02525}, {0.03, 
  1.03038}, {0.035, 1.03553}, {0.04, 1.04071}, {0.045, 
  1.04591}, {0.05, 1.05114}, {0.055, 1.0564}, {0.06, 1.06168}, {0.065,
   1.06699}, {0.07, 1.07232}, {0.075, 1.07768}, {0.08, 
  1.08307}, {0.085, 1.08849}, {0.09, 1.09393}, {0.095, 1.0994}, {0.1, 
  1.1049}, {0.105, 1.11042}, {0.11, 1.11597}, {0.115, 1.12155}, {0.12,
   1.12716}, {0.125, 1.1328}, {0.13, 1.13846}, {0.135, 
  1.14415}, {0.14, 1.14987}, {0.145, 1.15562}, {0.15, 1.1614}, {0.155,
   1.16721}, {0.16, 1.17304}, {0.165, 1.17891}, {0.17, 
  1.1848}, {0.175, 1.19073}, {0.18, 1.19668}, {0.185, 1.20266}, {0.19,
   1.20868}, {0.195, 1.21472}, {0.2, 1.22079}, {0.205, 1.2269}, {0.21,
   1.23303}, {0.215, 1.2392}, {0.22, 1.24539}, {0.225, 
  1.25162}, {0.23, 1.25788}, {0.235, 1.26417}, {0.24, 
  1.27049}, {0.245, 1.27684}, {0.25, 1.28323}, {0.255, 
  1.28964}, {0.26, 1.29609}, {0.265, 1.30257}, {0.27, 
  1.30908}, {0.275, 1.31563}, {0.28, 1.32221}, {0.285, 
  1.32882}, {0.29, 1.33546}, {0.295, 1.34214}, {0.3, 1.34885}, {0.305,
   1.35559}, {0.31, 1.36237}, {0.315, 1.36918}, {0.32, 
  1.37603}, {0.325, 1.38291}, {0.33, 1.38982}, {0.335, 
  1.39677}, {0.34, 1.40376}, {0.345, 1.41078}, {0.35, 
  1.41783}, {0.355, 1.42492}, {0.36, 1.43204}, {0.365, 1.4392}, {0.37,
   1.4464}, {0.375, 1.45363}, {0.38, 1.4609}, {0.385, 1.46821}, {0.39,
   1.47555}, {0.395, 1.48292}, {0.4, 1.49034}, {0.405, 
  1.49779}, {0.41, 1.50528}, {0.415, 1.51281}, {0.42, 
  1.52037}, {0.425, 1.52797}, {0.43, 1.53561}, {0.435, 
  1.54329}, {0.44, 1.55101}, {0.445, 1.55876}, {0.45, 
  1.56655}, {0.455, 1.57439}, {0.46, 1.58226}, {0.465, 
  1.59017}, {0.47, 1.59812}, {0.475, 1.60611}, {0.48, 
  1.61414}, {0.485, 1.62221}, {0.49, 1.63032}, {0.495, 1.63848}, {0.5,
   1.64667}, {0.505, 1.6549}, {0.51, 1.66318}, {0.515, 
  1.67149}, {0.52, 1.67985}, {0.525, 1.68825}, {0.53, 
  1.69669}, {0.535, 1.70517}, {0.54, 1.7137}, {0.545, 1.72227}, {0.55,
   1.73088}, {0.555, 1.73953}, {0.56, 1.74823}, {0.565, 
  1.75697}, {0.57, 1.76576}, {0.575, 1.77459}, {0.58, 
  1.78346}, {0.585, 1.79238}, {0.59, 1.80134}, {0.595, 1.81035}, {0.6,
   1.8194}, {0.605, 1.82849}, {0.61, 1.83764}, {0.615, 
  1.84682}, {0.62, 1.85606}, {0.625, 1.86534}, {0.63, 
  1.87467}, {0.635, 1.88404}, {0.64, 1.89346}, {0.645, 
  1.90293}, {0.65, 1.91244}, {0.655, 1.922}, {0.66, 1.93161}, {0.665, 
  1.94127}, {0.67, 1.95098}, {0.675, 1.96073}, {0.68, 
  1.97054}, {0.685, 1.98039}, {0.69, 1.99029}, {0.695, 2.00024}, {0.7,
   2.01024}, {0.705, 2.02029}, {0.71, 2.0304}, {0.715, 
  2.04055}, {0.72, 2.05075}, {0.725, 2.061}, {0.73, 2.07131}, {0.735, 
  2.08167}, {0.74, 2.09207}, {0.745, 2.10253}, {0.75, 
  2.11305}, {0.755, 2.12361}, {0.76, 2.13423}, {0.765, 2.1449}, {0.77,
   2.15563}, {0.775, 2.1664}, {0.78, 2.17724}, {0.785, 
  2.18812}, {0.79, 2.19906}, {0.795, 2.21006}, {0.8, 2.22111}, {0.805,
   2.23221}, {0.81, 2.24338}, {0.815, 2.25459}, {0.82, 
  2.26587}, {0.825, 2.27719}, {0.83, 2.28858}, {0.835, 
  2.30002}, {0.84, 2.31152}, {0.845, 2.32308}, {0.85, 2.3347}, {0.855,
   2.34637}, {0.86, 2.3581}, {0.865, 2.36989}, {0.87, 
  2.38174}, {0.875, 2.39365}, {0.88, 2.40562}, {0.885, 
  2.41765}, {0.89, 2.42974}, {0.895, 2.44188}, {0.9, 2.45409}, {0.905,
   2.46636}, {0.91, 2.4787}, {0.915, 2.49109}, {0.92, 
  2.50354}, {0.925, 2.51606}, {0.93, 2.52864}, {0.935, 
  2.54129}, {0.94, 2.55399}, {0.945, 2.56676}, {0.95, 2.5796}, {0.955,
   2.59249}, {0.96, 2.60546}, {0.965, 2.61848}, {0.97, 
  2.63158}, {0.975, 2.64473}, {0.98, 2.65796}, {0.985, 
  2.67125}, {0.99, 2.6846}, {0.995, 2.69803}, {1., 2.71152}}

Are you sure it will converge?


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#15 2014-05-07 01:31:33

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Sometimes we use the phrase thinks in that manner. It means, that is what it got as an answer. It is customary to proceed with a calculation like this with powers of 2.

euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 2]

euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 4]

euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 8]
.
.
.
euler[y, {x, 0, 1}, {y, 1}, 2^14]//Last

Are you sure it will converge?

Surely, you are joking.

Now here is where Brad comes in!


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#16 2014-05-07 01:47:18

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Who's Brad?

Its slow convergence.


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#17 2014-05-07 01:49:00

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Recognize that number do you, hmmm?


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#18 2014-05-07 01:52:18

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

In[14]:= N[E, 10]

Out[14]= 2.718281828

'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#19 2014-05-07 01:55:04

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

So, what do you think it is?


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#20 2014-05-07 01:59:23

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Euler's number


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#21 2014-05-07 02:02:44

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Agnishom wrote:

Who's Brad?

You are Brad. The new and improved Brad. You have jumped out of the box.

http://www.mathisfunforum.com/viewtopic … 08#p302808

We can solve that DE analytically quite easily but this is what M gets:

DSolve[{y'[x] == y[x], y[0] == 1}, y[x], x]

In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#22 2014-05-07 02:23:45

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

I will run the code a little later, but it seems that f(x) = e^x

I stil do not get it


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#23 2014-05-07 02:26:42

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

Get what? The numerical solution? The analytical one?


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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#24 2014-05-07 02:31:33

Agnishom
Real Member
From: Riemann Sphere
Registered: 2011-01-29
Posts: 24,974
Website

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

I do not get the whole thing about Brad.


'And fun? If maths is fun, then getting a tooth extraction is fun. A viral infection is fun. Rabies shots are fun.'
'God exists because Mathematics is consistent, and the devil exists because we cannot prove it'
I'm not crazy, my mother had me tested.

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#25 2014-05-07 02:34:16

bobbym
bumpkin
From: Bumpkinland
Registered: 2009-04-12
Posts: 109,606

Re: Euler's Method Tutorials

That is another thread and another whole concept.

Do you understand what we have done so far concerning the numerical solution of a DE by Euler's method?


In mathematics, you don't understand things. You just get used to them.
If it ain't broke, fix it until it is.
Always satisfy the Prime Directive of getting the right answer above all else.

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