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Hi thickhead ,
Then what should be the results ?
Hi bobbym ,
The related problem was :
Inside a triangle E there are 2 smaller similar triangles
A and B , both with length of relative sides being 1/2 of
that of E . All the 3 triangles are parallel with vertices upwards .A and B can move freely inside E , but must keep parallel with E .If a point is chosen randomly on E ,
find the probability that the point lies inside A and B at the same time .
Thanks thickhead ,
I even don't know how to check the integrals
with"Wolfram alpha double integrals" !
Hi bobbym ,
Your simulation of P = 1/10 (in the thread "
geometric probability --- square " # 11 and # 20
has been verified by thickhead 's work , while
my results were all wrong !
Thanks thickhead again ,
Triangle LQN should be LQM .
How about Problem (III) (c) ?
Hi thickhead ,
Have you any idea to solve the 3 questions of problem (III) ?
Thanks thickhead ,
I agree with your results . For n moving squares the
probability seems to be 1/ (n+1)^2 . ( but not yet proved )
Hi thickhead ,
Thanks much for your work !
Thus it seems my assumption in # 2 should be correct ,
and it makes the further study much simpler .
I am not satisfied for the questions involving only 1
moving triangle . The following related questions based on
the original problem will be involving 2 moving triangles .
Please try to solve them with your skilful technique in
multiple integration if you are interested !
(III) (a) If a point is chosen randomly on triangle PLN , find the probability that the point also lies inside B and C .
(III) (b) If a point is chosen randomly on triangle X , find the
probability that the point also lies inside both B and C .
(III) (c) If a point is chosen randomly on triangle E , find the
probability that the point also lies inside B and C .
Hi bobbym ,
For triangle PLN I mean that when triangle A is fixed at its original position , otherwise it will be stated as A if moved .
Assumed that nomatter triangle PLN , or triangle LQM , or
triangle NMR , their probability with C (also for A and B )
will be the same and denoted by x .
Since the probability of E with C should simply be 1/4 and
the probability of X with C can be found to be 1/2 , thus
1/4 = 1/4 * x + 1/4 * x + 1/4 * x + 1/4 * 1/2
= 3/4 * x + 1/8
Thus 1/8 = 3/4 * x , which yields x = 1/8* 4/3 = 1/6 .
Let E denotes a triangle PQR with PQ = QR and
angle Q = 90 degree . L , M and N are mid-points of PQ , QR and RP respectively . Let A denotes triangle PLN , B denotes triangle LQM , C denotes triangle NMR and X denotes triangle LMN .
A , B and C can move freely and uniformly inside E but must keep parallel with E in moving .
(I) If a point is chosen randomly on triangle PLN , find the
probability that the point also lies inside C .
(II) If a point is chosen randomly on triangle LQM ,
find the probability that the point also lies inside C .
Should the answers of (I) and (II) be the same ?
Hi thickhead ,
For the problem involving the squares , it seems you have
considered the area which has been covered by square A
during moving , but not the area being covered by A after
moving . This is not the aim of the original problem .
Even so the " gross mobility diagram " should looks like
a hexagon instead of a rectangle . ( if moving in a straight
line ) Thus the net area should be less than xy + x + y .
I don't know whether my comprehension of your statement
is right or not . Please correct me otherwise .
Nevertheless , I still persist that with the aim of the original
problem , the answer should be 1/9 .
Hi bobbym and thickhead ,
From the beginning , I have assumed that " the two smaller triangles and the two squares are fully inside the bigger triangle and square. No part of these triangles or squares is outside the larger triangle or square."
I hope this will help to clarify the problems .
Hi thickhead ,
I need time to read through your several posts .
I shall reply later if I understand your work .
Hi bobbym ,
You got an answer of 1/8 for Problem ( III) in # 38 , this is
equivalent to an answer of 1/2 for Problem (III)( B ) in
# 46 . I wonder why you give up this result ?
Though triangle X occupies 1/4 of the area of triangle E ,
but its position is at the centre of E , thus the probability
that it overlaps with triangle A should be greater .
Hi thickhead ,
Thanks for your reply ! But I don't quite understand
your statement . It would be much helpful if you
have a diagram or sketch with the post .
For simplicity just let a = b = 1/2 in this stage ,
and generalize the result if everything comes ok .
Integration is always useful in calculating areas and
volumes , but I am weak in calculus . Wish to receive your help in problem dealing with integration and other related fields .
Hi bobbym ,
I think the diagram in post #46 is still useful .
I am not sure that my answer of 1/2 is correct ,
I will keep on investigating .
Hi bobbym ,
Finally I obtained the volume of the polyhedron to be 1/128 .
Thus its average height ( representing the average value of common
area ) = (1/128 ) / (1/8) = 1/16 . Therefore the probability required
= ( 1/16) / (1/8) = 1/2 . ( for Problem (III B) at # 46 )
Does this value coincide with your simulation ?
Hi bobbym ,
That answer is for Problem (III B) at # 46 .
Thanks bobbym !
Thus the polyhedron has an apex at the point
with co-ordinate (1/6 , 1/6 , 1/12) .
Waiting for a solution with integration , let us firstly
try to find an approximate answer of the problem with geometry .
Since the curve over QR = 1/2 x - xx ,
we can find the area under the curve
from 0 to 1/2 by using simple integration
and obtain 1/48 sq.un., thus the average
height ( representing the average common area of A and X )
= (1/48) / ( 1/2) = 1/24 .
Similarly the average height over PQ also = 1/24 .
We have omitted the portion of the polyhedron higher than 1/16
to the apex as its value is so small and will not affect much .
Divided 1/24 sq.un by the area of Δ ABC , i.e. 1/8 sq.un., we get
the probability being about 1/3 .
After collecting enough data and solving the corresponding
coefficients , we obtain the following equation :
z= 1/2 x - xx + 1/2 y -yy - xy
= 1/2 ( x-2xx + y - 2yy - 2xy )
( What will be the maximum value of z for
0 ≤ x≤1/2 and 0≤y≤1/2 ? ) ( in fact 1/2
means 1/2 of length of 8 units = 4 units as
in the diagram shown in # 46 .)
It's time for us to draw a 3-dimensional
diagram . But it is difficult for me to draw a
diagram consisting of non-linear curves using the
Geogebra , therefore I can only describe
the diagram in words .
The base of the polyhedron is a right -angle
triangle PQR with PQ = QR = 1/2 un.
For y=0 ,(i.e. the x-axis ) the above equation
becomes z=1/2 ( x-2xx) , being a quadratic
curve over QR . Similarly for x=0 ,
z=1/2 ( y-2yy) ,being a quadratic curve over
QP .
For x+y = 1/2 , the equation becomes
z=1/2(1/2 - 2xx-2yy-2xy)
= 1/4 -xx-yy-xy
also being a quadratic curve over PR .
( The above 3 curves all have maximum
values = 1/16 at the mid-points of PQ , QR
and PR .)
Can anyone please find the volume of the
polyhedron using integration for me ? Thanks
in advance !
Hi bobbym ,
You are right , the intersection of X and A is usually not a square .
But we are only interested in their common area . Sometimes we have to
count the area part by part , thus a geometric diagram with co-ordinates
will be much helpful .
Perhaps in the 3-dimensional diagram being a polyhedron with x and y -axis
denoting various co-ordinates of VA , while z-axis denoting the common area ,
the corresponding values x , y and z may always be represented by the equation :
z = axx + bx + cyy + dy + exy + k
while the values of the coefficients a , b , c , d , e and k may be found if we have
collected enough data and solving the corresponding set of equations . In fact the
above equation represents the surface covering the polyhedron , using multiple
integration we may find the volume of the polyhedron directly without cutting it
to appropriate portions and find the corresponding volumes by solid geometry .
Hi bobbym ,
I hope you can see the diagram !
Related problem (III) ( B )
Inside a triangle E there is a smaller triangle X formed by joining
the mid-points of the 3 sides of E , and stays fixed in its position .
Another similar triangle A , with lengths of sides being 1/2 of that
of E and parallel to E with corresponding vertices facing the same
direction , can move freely but parallelly inside E .
If a point is chosen randomly on X , find the probability that the
point also lies inside A .
Procedure to solve this problem with 3-dimensional geometry :
Let VA denotes the right - angle vertex of triangle A , with
co-ordinate lies within the triangle PBA . ( with co-ordinates (0,0) ,
(4,0) and (0,4) ) For various locations of VA , the area of overlapped
portion of triangles A and X can be found experimentally .
E.g. , when VA = (0,0) or (4,0) or (0,4) ( at point P , B and A resp ), the CA ( common area ) all = 0 ; if VA moves to the point S (2,2) ,
then common portion will be the square SC , with area 4 units .
Basically we should collect 6 co-ordinates of VA , besides the 4
points stated , 2 more co-ordinates (2,0) and (0,2) should be tackled .
After we have collected certain data , we try to illustrate the relation
between the CA and the various co-ordinates of VA with a 3-dimensional diagram : x-axis will be the line PB , y-axis will
show the line PA , while z-axis will show the values of CA .
If the curves formed by joining the various points of CA seem
to be linear ( straight lines ) , then it will be ok and we shall continue
to calculate the volume of the corresponding polyhedron , and then
the average height , representing the average value of CA . Divided this value by the area of triangle ABC , the probability required will be obtained .
Otherwise we have to collect more data , i.e. more values of CA corresponding to more locations of VA inside the triangle PBA . If
the curves obtained shown to be non-linear ( e.g. quadratic ) , to calculate the corresponding volume we need to use integration or even multiple integration .
Hi bobbym ,
I mean a diagram generated with Geogebra .
Hi bobbym ,
I don't know how to add a diagram as affix to my post !
To find the area of the quasi-triangle TPR , let us at first re-arrange
the equation z = 1/4 ( 1-2x) ( 1-2y) to z = 1/4 (2x-1) (2y-1) .
Since PR is symmetric in x and y , thus z = 1/4 (2x-1) (2y-1) may
be simplified to z = 1/4 (2x-1) (2x-1) = 1/4 ( 2x-1) ^ 2 .
Let PR denotes the w-axis , we can see that w = √2 * x ,
i.e. x = w / √2 .
Thus z = 1/4 ( 2w/ √2 - 1) ^ 2 . i.e. z = 1/4 [(√2) w -1] ^2 .
The length of PR may be found to be √1/2 un . Thus
the area of the quasi-triangle TPR may be found by ∫z dw from
0 to √1/2 = 1/4 * 1/3 ( √2 w - 1)^ 3
= 1/12 * [ (√2 * √1/2 - 1) ^ 3 -( √2 * 0 - 1) ^ 3 ]
= 1/12 * [( 1-1) ^ 3 - (-1)^ 3 ]
= 1/12 * 1
= 1/12 sq. un.
Assume that the volume of pyramid S/ TPR may be calculated as 1/3 * 1/4 * 1/12 = 1/144 cu. un . Thus twice the volume = 1/72 cu.un .
being the volume of pyramid T/ PQRS .
Dividing by the base PQRS , we also get its average height
to be ( 1/72 ) / (1/4) = 1/18 un . ( about 0.056 )
Hi bobbym ,
You get P = about 1/8 , since P of the point lies within X = 1/4 .
Does this mean that P of the point lies within A = about 1/2 ?
I have not got the answer by myself yet . If I try to solve it with
solid geometry , I need to find the volume of a polyhedron consisting
of quadratic curve , and then its average height , but I have no confidence
to do so .
Let us return to the 3 triangles problem at # 6 , with reference of
your diagram at # 13 . If one of the smaller Δ , say B , is fixed
with its vertice corresponding the right angle , at coordinate
at either (i) (0,0) or (ii) (1/2, 0) or (iii) ( 0, 1/2) , while Δ A
is movable , will P all = 1/6 ? [ Where the coordinates of
the 3 vertex of the large Δ E are pre-set at ( 0,0) ,( 1, 0) and ( 0,1) ]