Math Is Fun Forum

  Discussion about math, puzzles, games and fun.   Useful symbols: ÷ × ½ √ ∞ ≠ ≤ ≥ ≈ ⇒ ± ∈ Δ θ ∴ ∑ ∫ • π ƒ -¹ ² ³ °

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#251 Re: Guestbook » whats been happening at mathsisfun while i was away? » 2006-08-07 22:05:16

NO! It must be Euler related. Anything else is mathematically unacceptable. Angry_1336.gif

#252 Re: Guestbook » whats been happening at mathsisfun while i was away? » 2006-08-07 21:53:46

Yeah Luca, the Riemann Hypothesis thread sticks in my mind right now. We need more controversy like that, as well as thought-stimulating topics. I hope that the proposed advanced level section gets created someday, I'm sure people would bring up great topics there.

#253 Re: Guestbook » Don't you think teachers can have a bad and good side?Check here. » 2006-08-07 21:47:57

I find that the most sadistic teachers give the most benefits -- at least in my case. I had an American history "professor" who was incredibly rigorous, and made your grade something you have to earn. "Professor" is in quotes because he is a high school teacher, but he was a college preparatory crazy kind of guy. Every time someone would complain about the volume of work, he'd bring out a chart comparing high school and college, and often some statistics and the horrible lives of slackers(he had statistics on EVERYTHING, and he'd bring them out at any random situation that could use them). Every class was 90 minutes of lecture. All reading was done at home, no study guides were offered. Tests were usually over 200 pages of material from the book, and the format was primarily essay, with many topics directly from inclass lecture. Papers and additional readings were frequent and tedious. I lost many nights of sleep to this course. This man knew if you wrote a paper just to get it done, and it was likely that he would make a fool out of you in front of the class if you were particularly lazy. Despite how horrible this all sounds, I am very happy to have had him as a teacher. It was the first time I had to actually work for an A, and it felt good to get it. I feel that my writing and note-taking skills benefited substantially due to the class. Someday when I'm in college I'm going to email this man and thank him for what he has done.

#255 Re: Jokes » Finite Simple Group (of Order Two) » 2006-08-07 12:50:19

Yeah, the only downside is that a lot of the stuff is college level. I'd define everything here but that would probably make it fail (like if someone doesn't get a joke and you have to explain it to them, it just isn't funny anymore). They must have done this around some math majors or something though, judging by the amount of laughs at just the right times.

Haha, I just noticed that at the end the lead guy makes a square with his hands, like he has ended a proof.

#256 Re: Puzzles and Games » Spot the error » 2006-08-07 12:24:58

Oh, I read

Ricky wrote:

I start off with a proof that has an error in it.  The proof statement may be true, but there is some error within it.  Who ever can answer it first then posts their own proof.  You may only post a proof once you have answered the previous one.

as meaning post a correct proof of the problem instead of posting a new and separate proof. I get it now. Now my plan to post an incorrect proof of Fermat's Last Theorem and force people to supply a correct one is ruined!

#257 Jokes » Finite Simple Group (of Order Two) » 2006-08-07 12:21:15

Zhylliolom
Replies: 2

I love this song.

Finite Simple Group (of Order Two)

My favorite part has to be

"I'm living in the kernel of a rank-one map
From my domain, its image looks so blue,
'Cause all I see are zeroes, it's a cruel trap
But we're a finite simple group of order two"

They also end the song in the best way possible(especially for a math song). There are countless other incredible things about this song, so just go and listen!

#258 Re: Help Me ! » Operation Research... I need help, Please help meeeeeeeeeeeee » 2006-08-07 12:14:00

Try using the code tags to line up text(I'd do it for you, but I don't know if I'd make the table different from what you wanted).

#259 Re: Puzzles and Games » Spot the error » 2006-08-07 10:55:59

I foresee this being the greatest thread ever to exist.

I have to run, but I think I see the problem with your proof and it is a short issue, so I'll type it up:

Just a small note, there is an integer n > 1 that divides p, and that is p itself. This lends to my disproof: The number 2 is a prime number, because it is only divisible by one and itself, but the number itself is 2, which is a contradiction to the original claim that no prime number p may be divisible by 2. 2 is obviously an even number. Therefore not all prime numbers are odd.

(If the problem says prove we can possibly disprove it, right? Perhaps we should just make conjectures in some cases so people don't feel like the proposal is necessarily true?)

Edit: As I said, I have to leave for a while, and therefore I don't have time to think up a proof until later tonight. So if someone else would like to continue the game as soon as possible (assuming I was correct), feel free to go ahead.

Edit 2: Also, how advanced should the material being proved be? Should we keep the level somewhere from artihmetic to precalculus? Would it be alright to post a normal proof and a challenge proof, and participants may do either or both, but the challenge proof is more difficult and/or possibly contains calculus and beyond?

Edit by Ricky - Pass

#260 Re: Help Me ! » What is numbers? » 2006-08-07 09:56:54

Hahaha! The picture of Dali, appropriately placed on a page for surreal numbers, just cracks me up. Good document here.

#261 Re: Formulas » Differential Calculus Formulas » 2006-08-06 22:00:43

The Laplace Transform

The Laplace transform is a useful tool for solving differential equations. The Laplace transform F(s) of f(x) is defined by

The Laplace transform is a linear operator, and thus

The inverse Laplace transform

is also a linear operator:

Solution of a Linear Differential Equation of Constant Coefficients using a Laplace Transform

Consider the linear differential equation

Taking the Laplace transform of both sides, and noting that

we may write the differential equation as



or, collecting coefficients,




Now, given that we have the initial conditions at x = 0, we can proceed to solve for L[y], and once we have an equation for L[y], we may simplify it (often by means of partial fractions) and then find the inverse Laplace transform, and thus find y. If initial conditions are given at some x[sub]0[/sub] ≠ 0, let  u = x - x[sub]0[/sub] and solve the differential equation in terms of u, then substitute the value of x back in when the solution is finished.

List of Selected Laplace Transforms

Note: Taking the inverse Laplace transform of these equations will give an expression for the inverse Laplace transform of a function F(s).











Feel free to request any other Laplace transforms/inverse Laplace transforms. I have about 150 other transforms for a wide variety of cases, but they seem too obscure for posting.

Example problems may be posted on request to aid in clarity.

#262 Re: Formulas » Calculus (General) Formulas » 2006-08-06 19:20:29

Maclaurin/Taylor Series

Exponentials and Logarithms

Trigonometric Functions

See bottom of post for definition of B[sub]n[/sub].

See bottom of post for definition of B[sub]n[/sub].

See bottom of post for definition of E[sub]n[/sub].

See bottom of post for definition of B[sub]n[/sub].

Hyperbolic Functions

See bottom of post for definition of B[sub]n[/sub].

See bottom of post for definition of B[sub]n[/sub].

See bottom of post for definition of E[sub]n[/sub].

See bottom of post for definition of B[sub]n[/sub].

B[sub]n[/sub]: The Bernoulli Numbers

The Bernoulli numbers B[sub]n[/sub] are a sequence of special rational numbers. Their derivation is outside the scope of this thread, but an explanation may be offered elsewhere upon sufficient demand. The first few Bernoulli numbers are(note that for odd n other than 1, B[sub]n[/sub] = 0):








E[sub]n[/sub]: The Euler Numbers

The Euler numbers E[sub]n[/sub] are a sequence of special numbers. Their derivation is outside the scope of this thread, but an explanation may be offered elsewhere upon sufficient demand. The first few Euler numbers are(note that for all odd n, E[sub]n[/sub] = 0):







#263 Re: Maths Is Fun - Suggestions and Comments » Equation of a Straight Line » 2006-08-06 14:27:52

It's a special case of the polylogarithm known as the dilogarithm, this specific case is -Li[sub]2[/sub](1). Note that Li[sub]s[/sub](1) = ζ(s).

#264 Re: Maths Is Fun - Suggestions and Comments » Equation of a Straight Line » 2006-08-06 13:40:28

Wow, I don't know why I thought you meant C[sup]2[/sup] (as in some quantity or some vector) instead of C[sup]2[/sup].

#266 Re: Maths Is Fun - Suggestions and Comments » Equation of a Straight Line » 2006-08-06 13:23:05

No, A is an arbitrary vector. Just think about what the divergence of the curl is. I posted the formula for it in the Vector Formulas thread, but it should only take a moment to calculate it yourself.

Oh man, it's not letting me simply post "curl" again... and you're correct on the integral, I'll fix that typo right now.

#267 Re: Guestbook » My Brother » 2006-08-06 13:15:35

But QED makes me think of Feynman, such a nice guy.

#268 Re: Guestbook » My Brother » 2006-08-06 12:49:24

Scare him back. Spectral theory might work, it sounds so scary that he might run away screaming.

#269 Re: Maths Is Fun - Suggestions and Comments » Introduction to Groups » 2006-08-06 12:35:31

I feel like such an act may ruin some of my mysterious qualities. Oh well, it's always nice to have another math guy on Facebook. Look for a flying head.

#270 Re: Maths Is Fun - Suggestions and Comments » Introduction to Groups » 2006-08-06 11:45:12

Very nice! Everything is clearly explained and the images are attractive.

Now I have Ricky's full name, höhöhö. Don't worry, I won't do anything with it. I could add you on Facebook though.

#271 Re: Help Me ! » What is numbers? » 2006-08-06 11:13:30

Ah, do you mean quantum theory of histories? As in the Feynman path integral?

Are you German? (Geschichte = story or history)

#272 Re: Formulas » Coordinate Geometry Formulas » 2006-08-06 09:25:07

Polar Coordinates

The transformation equations relating rectangular coordinates (x, y) and polar coordinates (r, θ) are


or


Listing of Several Types of Polar Curves

Use the Polar Grapher to graph these curves.

Circle

circ.jpg

The equation for a circle of radius r[sub]0[/sub] centered at the origin is given by

If the circle is centered at (c, α) and has radius r[sub]0[/sub], its equation is

Ellipse

ellipse.jpg

The equation of an ellipse of semi-major axis a and semi-minor axis b centered at the origin is given by

Parabola

parabola.jpg

If the distance from the vertex to the focus of a parabola is a, then its equation is

Hyperbola

hyperbola.jpg

The equation of a hyperbola of semi-major axis a and semi-minor axis b centered at the origin is given by

Lemniscate

lemniscate.jpg

The equation of a lemniscate in polar coordinates is

In rectangular coordinates this is

The area inside both loops of the lemniscate is

Cardioid

cardioid.jpg

The equation of a cardioid is given by

The area of the cardioid is

and its perimeter is

Three-Leaved Rose

3leavedrose.jpg

The equation of a three-leaved rose is

For odd n, r = a cos nθ and r = a sin nθ are n-leaved roses.

Four-Leaved Rose

4leavedrose.jpg

The equation of a four-leaved rose is

For even n, r = a cos nθ and r = a sin nθ are 2n-leaved roses.

Limaçon

limacon.jpg

The equation of a limaçon is

Spiral of Archimedes

spiral.jpg

The equation of a spiral of Archimedes is

#273 Re: This is Cool » Driving Drunk or Driving while Talking on a Mobile Phone? » 2006-08-06 08:31:54

All this hate for MythBusters Ricky, what did they do to you!?

But you're right, maybe they should take a statistics course and reform their testing style afterwards.

#274 Re: This is Cool » Killer Decks » 2006-08-06 08:25:12

I'd love to see that scenario in some movie, a guy loses a poker game so he throws a card and kills his opponent.

#275 Re: Help Me ! » How do I cure carelessness? » 2006-08-05 21:26:27

Is the competition today? Good luck, and be sure to tell us all about it when it's over. smile

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